Emerging optical technology capable of addressing the limits in modern electronics must\nincorporate unique solutions to bring about a revolution in high-speed, on-chip data communication\nand information processing. Among the possible optical devices that can be developed, the\nelectrically driven, ultrasmall semiconductor light source is the most essential element for a compact,\npower-efficient photonic integrated circuit. In this review, we cover the recent development of the\nelectrically driven light-emitting devices based on various micro- and nano-scale semiconductor\noptical cavities. We also discuss the recent advances in the integration of these light sources with\npassive photonic circuits.
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